Exploring The Issue Of Wide Spread Poverty - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1867 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Did you like this example? 3.1. Introduction A significant body of the literature has been dedicated to examining wide spreading of poverty  and its gradual explosion issues together with pioneering steps in research and practice towards poverty  eradication have created an unprecedented outburst of studies about business literature for poverty  eradication. The following section is a review of literature about how multinationals attend low-income markets where poverty  occurs on a large scale. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Exploring The Issue Of Wide Spread Poverty" essay for you Create order The review is carried out with a concern about poverty alleviation and some implications and appropriate frameworks for MNCà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s executives to help to alleviate poverty while selling to the poor. From this viewpoint, the literature review is divided into three main sections: BOP inititiative, buyer behavior and marketing strategies. It examines some key elements of the BOP initiative companiesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ motivation; the BOP business model; the role of micro finance. With a number of successful stories acknowledged in the literature, the section also reviews how to adopt MNCà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s marketing mix to attend the BOP profitably. 3.2. Part 1: Poverty in Business Perspectives Billions of people living in the extreme poverty, who are in many cases denied access to proper services, energy, water, health, and above all the opportunities to improve their economic and social outlook, is a significant societal problem. Even though the high economic growth of large-population countries, such as China and India, has brought about many job opportunities and brought down the overall poverty  level, it is still not sufficient to reach other targets in the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) (World Bank, 2004). Along with the increasing concern of NGOà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s and other non profit organization towards poverty alleviation, business perspectives have been gradually positioned as a useful tool in contributing to poverty reduction. Such interest has appeared to become much more worldwide through being catalyzed by pioneer approaches, both in practice and theory, which have awakened business attention to the problem of poverty. Indeed, there is an abundance of academic literature on theà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. It appear to have been dissected from all imaginable anglesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Poverty in business perspectives has a diverse appearance, such as the vast majority of 4 billion people living on less than $1 or $2 a day (Prahalad and Hammond, 2002), poor producers (Karnani, 2007), gender (Thierry, 2007), self-employed poor people, micro entrepreneurs, micro franchisees (Gibson, 2007), employees, business owners, etc. Within these much attention is lately placed not on poverty as a whole but on its attributed and its causes. 3.2.1. Companiesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Motivation to Attend Low-Income Markets Much of the debate about poverty alleviation has been provoked by suggestions that multinational corporations (MNC) with extensive financial resources are in the best position to lead the process of selling to the poor. The construction of a new image of poverty in business perspectives, for example, is much contributed by the pioneering idea of Prahalad and Hammond (2002) who focus on the large buying power of 4 billion people earning less than $ 2000 each per year at the lowest tier of the economic pyramid à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Bottom of the pyramidà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. Prahalad and Hammond (2002) advise private companies to view poverty as a potential of serving an unexploited, multitrillion-dollar market and alleviating the level of global poverty while still earning a profit. By infusing the profit motive into value creation, the hope is that private companies will take the leading role in serving the BOP and, thus, the purpose of alleviating poverty will more likely succee d. From this follows/Keeping this in mind, the main two motivations for profit seeking companies to attend this market is: The opportunity to covert BOP segmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s purchasing power into profits; and The ability to bring prosperity to the poor, and thus alleviate poverty. This was supported by 3.2.1.1. Purchasing Power and Profitability A key component surrounding à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ literature is that even poor people could be profitable customers. In a study of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ ,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ indicates that despite their low level of income, they are discerning consumers who want value and are well aware of the value brands favoured by more affluent consumers (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦).This is consistent with .. et al. (2007), who describeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ : creating new business opportunities, SCR à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ a) Creating New Business Opportunities Such strong view rests on the idea that the potential growth for many multinational (MNC) and medium sized companies does not rest on the low-income market in the developing countries. Instead, its source is the immense size of potential market of $13 trillion at purchasing power parity (PPP) that the two-thirds of the world population with unmet needs are supposed to represent. Projections and demographic trends also indicate that by 2050, more than 85% of the worldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s population will fall within this category. This portends an abysmal decline in effective demand. By empowering the poor, businesses naturally create new business opportunities by raising effective demand and consumption levels. b) Corporate Social Responsibility (CRS) since it will help to reduce poverty and more importanlty for the company, it will be crucial to their long-term competitiveness and success. One of the most interesting implications of BOP is the radical impact it can have on a companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s core business model. .. for instance, claims that organizations which set out to empower poor communities by providing basic education and skills acquisition, improving local human capital, protecting the environment, and developing the culture of accountability and transparency, are practicing some components of CSR which is essential for the long-term sustainability of any company. Indeed, many large corporations have announced CSR benefits that impacts on their profitability and claim it to be a key element of development. Besides, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ adds that a comprehensive set of CSR policies, practices and programmes incorporated in companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s business strategy can increase productivity, contribute to competitiveness, improve staff recruitment and retention rates and create a more positive corporate image. All in all, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ concludes thatà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ d) Government support Political Capital It is obvious that businesses that empower the poor strike a compelling partnership with the government. Most of the time, politicians take undeserved credit for attracting such private investments etc. 3.2.1.2. Poverty Alleviation and Prosperity to the Poor a) Job Creation à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Businesses whose products and services address basic and common needs can enter the bottom of the pyramid market segments more effectively, and with a deeper social impact through partnerships with highly innovative community groups. They can scale their impact significantly by leveraging their expertise and experience in developing skills and engaging such community groups actively in delivering their products and services. This way, communities are better served, if an increasing number of people engaged in the business are people from their immediate neighborhoods, giving it a local flavor and a compelling sense of stake in the business. adds that expansion by multinationals into emerging markets creates new jobsproduct-distribution networks and shops, for exampleand income earned from those jobs ripples through local economies, creating more new jobs, a phenomenon that economists call the multiplier effect. b) Training, Education and Skills enhancement à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Profit-seeking companies can also play an important role in educating BOP consumers. Banerjee and Duflo (2007) point out, that BOP consumers can be entrepreneurial and do several different types of jobs. However, due to their lack the skills they can not get higher paying jobs. The provision of funding and training is a way multinationals can support the poor. Education is also necessary not just for getting a job, but to make more informed decisions in other areas, e.g. health education can improve food choices. Besides, education and information can also help BOP negotiate better rates and recognizing counterfeit goods. c) Community Development à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Through basic empowerment in terms of education and job creation, the community systematically grows out of the crutches of poverty. Beyond the occasional CSR embarked upon by businesses, empowered indigenes gradually but steadily develop their communities by training other relatives of theirs and embarking on micro projects that eventually add up to improving the lot of their communities. Not only, the company makes more profit, and the peoples lifestyle changes. The poor also benefit because they have access to services such as banking and insurance that once were denied them, he says. 3.2.2. Challenges of Attending Low-income Markets Nevertheless, there is a great branch of the literature about the nature, scope, and value of serving low-income segments (Karnani, 2007a; Martinez and Carbonell, 2007; Aiyar, 2006; Jaswal, 2007) that questions the ease with wich multinationals may enter the BOP and whether profits exist there at all. They argue that it is very unlikely that companies will be able to attend the BOP market profitably. Landrum (2007) points out that the costs of serving this segment can be very high. BOP customers are usually much dispersed geographically; they are very heterogeneous, which reduces the opportunities for obtaining significant economies of scale; and their individual transactions usually represent a low amount of money. In addition, consumers at the BOP are very price sensitive, which, again, makes profitability a difficult goal to achieve. For example, Karnani (2007a) posits that the poor may want the same products as the rich do but by virtue of being poor, they cannot afford them. The differences between business realities and development imperatives are not easy to reconcile, statesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦) Some recent case studies also suggests that unlimited business opportunities and poverty eradication through profits may set unrealistic expectations for business executives (McFalls,2007). Second, the traditional timelines for achieving social goods versus profits differ (Harjula, 2005). Businesses may use a five-year horizon as their benchmark for returns. In contrast, social goals like reducing smoking and other unhealthy lifestyle behaviors may take generations. Thus, rather than viewing the poor primarily as consumers, this group suggest a focus on this segment as producers, i.e.potential entrepreneurs that can improve their economic situation by increasing their income level. Karnani suggests that raising income will alleviate their poverty, provide cost effective products to other consumers, and allow the formerly poor to consume more. Raising their incomes may require that they become producers with stable jobs and wages. Focusing on poor people as self-employed poor people, micro entrepreneurs, Gibson (2007) also suggested that constructing and running micro franchising models that pair franchisors (MNCs or non-governmental organizations), micro franchisors (independent business people) with other poor people to expand the business and get other poor people involved in a self-employment venture can help empower poor people to raise their standard of living and gain a greater degree of financial stability. CONCLUSION It postulates that if companies take the correct steps and devote sufficient resources to satisfying the needs of the BOP, they can overcome barriers to consumption. However, companies must be willing to invest time, resources and training to insure that the producers create products with some barriers to entry and are asonable level of productivity. BOP projects must be integrated into key areas in operations where decisions on new products and markets are made and executed. For most companies, BOP therefore requires comprehensive organizational change and heavy involvement of key business areas responsible for new market creationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ something that far exceeds what is required to implement most other sustainability activities. Therefore, while there are potentially compelling reasons for widening the definition of market opportunities beyond consumer goods for low-income segments, the following part of literature review focuses on the BOP concept in its original form, i.e., as a business strategy aimed at selling profit-seeking products to low-income segments while simultaneously contributing to the resolution of significant societal problems in these regions.

Kill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee - 1306 Words

The book â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird,† written by Harper Lee was set in the 1930s in a fictional town called Maycomb County. Courage within that specific time period and town was seen as strength in the face of fear; whilst the way that Harper Lee has tried to convey courage throughout her book is as the act of doing something to benefit a specific person or a whole group of people, no matter what odds are against you, how uncomfortable you may find the task, and how dim the chances of succeeding are. Many characters in the book â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird,† express this form of courage. This is demonstrated firstly by Atticus Finch when he went to trial defending a black man who had been accused of a rape he didn’t commit whilst systematic racism was still at large, purely to help an innocent man, to hopefully further the black rights movements at the time and to give his children a firm faith in the justice system. By Boo Radley when he stepped out of the comf ort of his home to rescue Jem and Scout from Mr. Ewell, despite the fact that fighting was not at all in his nature. And lastly by Jem, when he and Scout were attacked by Mr. Ewell and Jem was needed to protect Scout at no matter what costs, as she was unable to fend for herself. Atticus believed sternly and wholeheartedly in the justice system; a view point that he wanted his children to share with him. When Atticus was requested to defend an innocent black man, he believed it was his duty to the town and his children toShow MoreRelatedKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1049 Words   |  5 PagesTo Kill a Mockingbird: How a Story could be based on True Events in Everyday LifeDaisy GaskinsCoastal Pines Technical Collegeâ€Æ'Harper Lee was born in Monroeville, Alabama. Her father was a former newspaper editor and proprietor, who had served as a state senator and practiced as a lawyer in Monroeville. Also Finch was known as the maiden name of Lee’s mother. With that being said Harper Lee became a writer like her father, but she became a American writer, famous for her race relations novel â€Å"ToRead MoreTo Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee1000 Words   |  4 Pagesworld-wide recognition to the many faces of prejudice is an accomplishment of its own. Author Harper Lee has had the honor to accomplish just that through her novel, To Kill a Mockingbird, a moving and inspirational story about a young girl learning the difference between the good and the bad of the world. In the small town of Monroeville, Alabama, Nelle Harper Lee was born on April 28, 1926. Growing up, Harper Lee had three siblings: two sisters and an older brother. She and her siblings grew up modestlyRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1290 Words   |  6 PagesHarper Lee published To Kill a Mockingbird during a rough period in American history, also known as the Civil Rights Movement. This plot dives into the social issues faced by African-Americans in the south, like Tom Robinson. Lee felt that the unfair treatment towards blacks were persistent, not coming to an end any time in the foreseeable future. This dark movement drove her to publish this novel hopeful that it would encourage the society to realize that the harsh racism must stop. Lee effectivelyRe ad MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee873 Words   |  4 PagesIn the book, To Kill a Mockingbird, Harper Lee illustrates that â€Å"it’s a sin to kill a mockingbird† throughout the novel by writing innocent characters that have been harmed by evil. Tom Robinson’s persecution is a symbol for the death of a mockingbird. The hunters shooting the bird would in this case be the Maycomb County folk. Lee sets the time in the story in the early 1950s, when the Great Depression was going on and there was poverty everywhere. The mindset of people back then was that blackRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee963 Words   |  4 Pagesgrowing up, when older characters give advice to children or siblings.Growing up is used frequently in the novel To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee. Harper Lee uses the theme growing up in To Kill a Mockingbird to change characters opinion, develop characters through their world, and utilizes prejudice to reveal growing up. One major cause growing up is used in To Kill a Mockingbird is to represent a change of opinion. One part growing up was shown in is through the trial in part two of the novelRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1052 Words   |  5 PagesTo Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee takes place in Maycomb County, Alabama in the late 30s early 40s , after the great depression when poverty and unemployment were widespread throughout the United States. Why is the preconception of racism, discrimination, and antagonism so highly related to some of the characters in this book? People often have a preconceived idea or are biased about one’s decision to live, dress, or talk. Throughout To Kill a Mockingbird, Harper Lee examines the preconceptionRead MoreHarper Lee and to Kill a Mockingbird931 Words   |  4 PagesHarper Lee and her Works Harper Lee knew first hand about the life in the south in the 1930s. She was born in Monroeville, Alabama in 1926 (Castleman 2). Harper Lee was described by one of her friends as Queen of the Tomboys (Castleman 3). Scout Finch, the main character of Lees Novel, To Kill a Mockinbird, was also a tomboy. Many aspects of To Kill a Mockingbird are autobiographical (Castleman 3). Harper Lees parents were Amasa Coleman Lee and Frances Finch Lee. She was the youngestRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1695 Words   |  7 PagesIn To Kill a Mockingbird Harper Lee presents as a ‘tired old town’ where the inhabitants have ‘nowhere to go’ it is set in the 1930s when prejudices and racism were at a peak. Lee uses Maycomb town to highlight prejudices, racism, poverty and social inequality. In chapter 2 Lee presents the town of Maycomb to be poverty stricken, emphasised through the characterisation of Walter Cunningham. When it is discovered he has no lunch on the first day of school, Scout tries to explain the situation to MissRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1876 Words   |  8 PagesThough Harper Lee only published two novels, her accomplishments are abundant. Throughout her career Lee claimed: the Presidential Medal of Freedom, Pulitzer Prize for Fiction, Goodreads Choice Awards Best Fiction, and Quill Award for Audio Book. Lee was also inducted into the American Academy of Arts and Letters. This honor society is a huge accomplishment and is considered the highest recognition for artistic talent and accomplishment in the United States. Along with these accomplishments, herRead MoreKill A Mockingbird, By Harper Lee1197 Words   |  5 Pagessuch as crops, houses, and land, and money was awfully limited. These conflicts construct Harper Lee’s novel, To Kill a Mocking Bird. In To Kill a Mocking Bird, Lee establishes the concurrence of good and evil, meaning whether people are naturally good or naturally evil. Lee uses symbolism, characterization, and plot to portray the instinctive of good and evil. To Kill a Mocking Bird, a novel by Harper Lee takes place during the 1930s in the Southern United States. The protagonist, Scout Finch,

Language Learning Strategies Free Essays

Over the last few decades, ‘college of self-education’ has assumed more importance than the ‘college of education.’ That is to say, a noticeable transformation has taken place, as for language learning. The emphasis is more on learners and learning than teachers and teaching. We will write a custom essay sample on Language Learning Strategies or any similar topic only for you Order Now The system of language education has undergone metamorphic changes. The focus is on the learner. The learner-centered curriculum and the learner-centeredness as for language education are the concepts in practice now. Many papers/articles have appeared emphasizing the above shift. The use of language learning strategies (in second and foreign language (LLS) in second and foreign language (L2/FL) for learning and teaching have become part of the language syllabi. Defining of Language Learning Strategies: â€Å"Weinstein and Mayer (1986) defined learning strategies (LS) broadly as â€Å"behaviors and thoughts that a learner engages in during learning† which are â€Å"intended to influence the learner’s encoding process† (p. 315) Later Mayer (1988) more specifically defined LS as â€Å"behaviors of a learner that are intended to influence how the learner processes information† (p. 11). Human beings have the innate tendency to process the language and learning which in fact means processing of the information. Learning skills are the inseparable part of the learning process, whatever be the content or context. Learning skills are put to use in all subjects—like Mathematics, History, Geography, Language etc. Learning environment vary, it can be informal as well as classroom setting. As for L2/FL education—it has been defined by Tarone (1983) as â€Å"an attempt to develop linguistic and sociolinguistic competence in the target language — to incorporate these into one’s inter language competence† (p. 67). Tarone, E. (1983).The earlier focus was on the linguistic or sociolinguistic competence. It has progressively changed and the current emphasis is on processes and the characteristics of LLS. One point incidentally. LLS are distinct from learning styles. Learning styles mainly concern to innate, inborn and chosen ways of noting, absorbing and processing the acquired information and skills. There exists, however, a distinct relationship between one’s own style of learning the language and the language learning strategies adopted by one. Good language learner/High Proficient students: The ways or learning a language varies from person to person. The choicest way to learn a language can not be singled out. The best way to pick up the language comes from within. You have the intense desire to learn a particular language and therefore you are immersed in the related activities that help the cause. Read books, watch movies, interact with people who speak that language, study the related articles in the magazines. If you cultivate a friend circle in the language of your choice, you pick up the language quickly. You need not pay intense attention to the grammar at the initial stages. Join a tutored course and own a self-study package. Tutored learning is the commonly accepted mode to learn and acquire skill in a language. The experienced teacher in a classroom, who has handled hundreds of students in the past, knows their initial problems and the related solutions can provide motivation for the language learners. Language learning need not be a serious and tense exercise. If you travel and tour the country of the targeted language, your language related questions and problems get an automatic solution. Over the period, you find that you have picked up the language. Foreign language learning strategies: Research made to find the best method to teach a language is voluminous. The relevant answers to this problem came from the learners themselves. It was found that tested strategies play an effective role in the area of language learning. Of all the methods the ones classified by Oxford (1990) provided a system and stability to the whole process. Oxford viewed learning strategies as â€Å"specific actions taken by the learner to make leaning easier, faster, more enjoyable, more self directed, more effective, and more transferable to new situations† (p.8). The strategies are divided in to two categories: Direct Strategies: They are further classified into a) Memory strategies b) Cognitive strategies c) Compensation strategies. Indirect Strategies: These are further classified into a) Metacognitive Studies b) Affective Strategies c) Social Strategies (Oxford, 1990, p 16) Memory strategies are, i) creating mental images, ii) applying images and sounds, iii) reviewing well. Cognitive strategies are,   i) practicing, ii) analyzing and reasoning iii) creating structure for input and output. Compensation strategies are, i) guessing intelligently, ii) overcoming limitations in speaking and writing. As for Indirect Strategies, Metacognitive strategies are, i) centering your learning, ii) arranging and planning your learning iii) evaluating your learning. Affective strategies are, i) lowering your anxiety, ii) encouraging yourself, iii) taking your emotional temperature. Social strategies are, i) asking questions, ii) co-operating with others, iii) empathizing with others. (Oxford, 1990, p 17) .Factors affecting the Choice of Learning Strategies: Many factors influence the selection of strategies employed by the students learning a second language. The most important factor is motivation. A highly motivated student is different from the less motivated one. If one has a particular and strong reason for learning the language, one picks up the language fast. Sometimes, career prospectuses are linked to the language. In such cases, one is expected to learn a language within the specified period. Females use such strategy in a greater degree than the male counterparts. Memorization is related to cultural background. Asian students showed higher degree of expertise in this area. Attitudes and beliefs play the dominant role. The negative attitudes do not help the cause. The positive attitudes have a profound effect. The type of task assists in determining the strategy employed to carry it out. As for the age, the older and more advanced students employ different strategies. Learning style is also one of the important factors in the selection of the strategy. Tolerance of ambiguity is directly related to the selection of the strategy. (Language†¦..) Proficiency and language learning strategies: The number of English language learners is rising steadily. Special interventions for underachieves are therefore necessary. Different approaches are tried for teaching academics to students to whom English is a second language. It is no ordinary task to teach a student in a language in which he has no mastery. Lots of information is now available as for students hailing from different cultural/linguistic backgrounds. Firstly, the traditional peer-assisted Learning Strategies to enhance student efficiency in English are effective. Such a strategy has shown positive results on the reading achievement. Another intervention is Bilingual Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition program. This was beneficial for the Spanish-speaking students. In this intervention the focus is on writing, reading in both Spanish and English language activities. The students are divided into small co-operative learners groups. Another invention is Instructional Conversations and Literature Logs. The goal here is to enhance the comprehension ability and also English language proficiency. Importance is given to small-group discussions. The teachers   act as facilitators for the group, while the group of students is engaged in telling stories, relate personal experiences which are helpful   in understanding each other, keep topics and concepts, writing independently short notes as per the writing prompts. Answer questions related to stories etc. The exercises have high potential effects on the Language learners and they contribute to fast development of the English language skills. They also help the communication skills. â€Å"The Vocabulary Improvement Program for English Language Learners and Their Classmates (VIP) is a vocabulary development curriculum for English language learners and native English speakers (grades 4-6). The 15-week program includes 30-45 minute whole class and small group activities, which aim to increase students’ understanding of target vocabulary words included in a weekly reading assignment.†(What works†¦) Many more such interventions are employed and language learning strategies followed for proficiency in English language. Why are LLS important for L2? â€Å"Within ‘communicative’ approaches to language teaching a key goal is for the learner to develop communicative competence in the target L2/FL, and LLS can help students in doing so.† The importance of communication strategies is an essential factor of strategic competence. Communication skill and language learning strategies differ in substance. The speakers make an intentional and conscious effort to communicate in a L2/FL.All strategies that L2/FL learners utilize in the language which they intend to learn are covered under LLS. LLS are very essential for learning the language because they are the proper tools for self-initiated active involvement, which is necessary for enhancing communicative skills. Conclusion: During the last few decades, many changes have occurred relating to teacher’s professional learning and consequently they have influenced and affected the teaching methods/standards for the students. Computes have influenced the teaching and studying pattern much. One can see effective use of technology in all areas. The pattern of collaborative activity between the teachers and the students has also undergone perceptible changes and such changes are for the better. They have helped to create drastic level of improvement in the communication, and speaking skills. The teachers understand the needs of the students better. The students understand the expectations of the teachers even better. In this materialistic world and fast moving technological advances, expertise in communication and spoken language is an important aspect for the career growth. References Cited: Weinstein, C., Mayer, R. (1986). The teaching of learning strategies: In M.C. Wittrock (Ed.), Handbook of Research on Teaching, 3rd Edition (pp. 315-327). New York: Macmillan Mayer, R. (1988). Learning strategies: An overview: In Weinstein, C., E. Goetz, P. Alexander (Eds.), Learning and Study Strategies: Issues in Assessment, Instruction, and Evaluation (pp. 11-22). New York: Academic Press. Oxford, R. (1990). Language learning strategies: What every teacher should know. Boston: Heinle Heinle. Language Learning Strategies: Article: An Update Oxford (1990a) synthesized existing research on how the following factors influence the choice of strategies used among students learning a second language. †¦ www.cal.org/resources/digest/oxford01.html – 25k -Retrieved on June 16,2007 Article: What Works Clearinghouse: English Language Learning Peer-Assisted Learning Strategies is an instructional program for use in †¦ develop reading comprehension ability along with English language proficiency. †¦ ies.ed.gov/ncee/projects/wwc/english_language.asp – 25k – Retrieved on June 16,2007 Tarone, E. (1983). Some thoughts on the notion of ‘communication strategy’. In C. Faerch G. Kasper (Eds.), Strategies in Inter language Communication (pp. 61-74). London: Longman. How to cite Language Learning Strategies, Essay examples

Romeo and Juliet is about two people who love each other but, because their families are enemies, they cannot be together Essay Example For Students

Romeo and Juliet is about two people who love each other but, because their families are enemies, they cannot be together Essay Romeo and Juliet is about two people who love each other but, because their families are enemies, they cannot be together. From that their love ultimately causes their deaths. Which is referred to many times throughout the play. It is a play written by Shakespeare that is in the genre of a romantic tragedy, because the two lovers die from their love for each other. In this play there are a lot of different types of drama such as tragedy, romance, comedy, action and suspense. I think that Shakespeare has made Romeo and Juliet appeal to a wide audience by having the many different kinds of drama in it. This will appeal to many people as it fulfils many different tastes in plays and literature. Act 3 Scene 5 is the very last time the two protagonists meet directly except on each others deathbeds. This scene takes us away from all the dangers in the play and directly focuses on each others love for the other. It is set on a Tuesday morning after a romantic night after their marriage the previous day. It is also the morning in which Romeo must leave Verona and flee to Mantua. The two lovers are having a light debate about whether it is morning or still night. This argument is not aggressive but is fictitious and romantic. They express this by using language such as Wilt though be gone? It is not near dayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ and Look love, what envious streaks Do lace the severing clouds in yonder east The argument is about whether it is day or night. This is supposed to reflect the light-dark imagery in the play. Romeo believes it is day and realises if he does not leave for Mantua he will be killed. This shows light means that everything is in perspective and they must be serious. Juliet believes it is night and believes it is dark so Romeo can stay longer. This dark imagery means they can escape from reality. Romeo then jokes come death and welcome This is ironic because it is as if he is prepared to die for his wife, Juliet. He knows this is the last time he will see her without having the pain of death. This allows the audience into the plots secret that Romeo will die for Juliet in the end. After Romeo has left Juliet is left crying in her room. That same villain Romeo Villain and he be many miles asunder- God pardon him; I do with all my heart; And yet no man like he doth grieve my heart. That is because the traitor murderer lives. This conversation is ambiguous and is cleverly written to seem like lady Capulet knows exactly what is wrong with Juliet but in reality she has no idea. Again the theme of appearance and reality is important in this scene however throughout the play Shakespearerefers to it many times. This part of the scene is quite funny, Juliet and her mother are having a normal conversation. If you follow the conversation through in Lady Capulets perspective they are talking about a traitor killing Tybalt. The traitor being Romeo. However through Juliets eyes we know she is talking about missing Romeo and that the traitor is Tybalt, as he has led to Romeos banishment. It is extremely ironic that to the present day adults or older people have always been the most respected and usually more mature in matters. They are usually wiser and have more life experience, yet, in this play the older people seem to be keeping this ancient grudge going and do not at any moment seem to want to settle their differences. For example Lady Capulet says this about Romeo. We will have vengeance for it, fear though notà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ She then explains to Juliet that she shall send someone to Mantua to kill Romeo. This shows she believes that the punishment was not sufficient and has decided Romeos fate for him. At the beginning of the play Juliet is more obedient and agrees to meet Paris at a feast. Ill look to like, if looking liking move. But no more deep will I endart mine eye Than your consent gives str ength to make it fly. However, now she doesnt want to even look at Paris because she is already married and is still upset about Romeo leaving. .u7c26dbe3bd98e1a3e973cfc848442c7e , .u7c26dbe3bd98e1a3e973cfc848442c7e .postImageUrl , .u7c26dbe3bd98e1a3e973cfc848442c7e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7c26dbe3bd98e1a3e973cfc848442c7e , .u7c26dbe3bd98e1a3e973cfc848442c7e:hover , .u7c26dbe3bd98e1a3e973cfc848442c7e:visited , .u7c26dbe3bd98e1a3e973cfc848442c7e:active { border:0!important; } .u7c26dbe3bd98e1a3e973cfc848442c7e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7c26dbe3bd98e1a3e973cfc848442c7e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7c26dbe3bd98e1a3e973cfc848442c7e:active , .u7c26dbe3bd98e1a3e973cfc848442c7e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7c26dbe3bd98e1a3e973cfc848442c7e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7c26dbe3bd98e1a3e973cfc848442c7e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7c26dbe3bd98e1a3e973cfc848442c7e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7c26dbe3bd98e1a3e973cfc848442c7e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7c26dbe3bd98e1a3e973cfc848442c7e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7c26dbe3bd98e1a3e973cfc848442c7e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7c26dbe3bd98e1a3e973cfc848442c7e .u7c26dbe3bd98e1a3e973cfc848442c7e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7c26dbe3bd98e1a3e973cfc848442c7e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: With Talk Shows Ruling Day-time Television, People Are Left With Littl EssayIn the Elizabethan times their views on wedding vows was sacred and you would be sent to hell if you were to not follow them. She therefore realises she must not accept the offer of marriage, or else she will go to hell. Capulet wishes to marry off Juliet as quick as he can because, as he did at the beginning of the play, he is trying to marry her into a rich family, such as Paris, to get money, which the nurse refers to earlier in the play. So shall you share all that he doth possess, By having him, making yourself no less. When Juliet refuses to marry Paris Capulet looses his temper. He shouts and really becomes aggressive. He says he will disown her and throw Juliet out into the streets. He believes that Juliets not grateful for the care she has got all her life from her Family. After Capulet leaves still in a fury Juliet looks at Lady Capulet as if she should be comforting and was hoping for some comforting, though Lady Capulet says she is done with her and leaves showing she has taken her husbands side on the matter. This shows that the parents authority isnt negotiable in any way. The nurse gives Juliet the advice to follow her Fathers orders and persuades her to forget Romeo. She calls him a dishcloth compared to Paris. Juliet asks the nurse to go refers to it many times. This part of the scene is quite funny, Juliet and her mother are having a normal conversation. If you follow the conversation through in Lady Capulets perspective they are talking about a traitor killing Tybalt. The traitor being Romeo. However through Juliets eyes we know she is talking about missing Romeo and that the traitor is Tybalt, as he has led to Romeos banishment. It is extremely ironic that to the present day adults or older people have always been the most respected and usually more mature in matters. They are usually wiser and have more life experience, yet, in this play the older people seem to be keeping this ancient grudge going and do not at any moment seem to want to settle their differences. For example Lady Capulet says this about Romeo. We will have vengeance for it, fear though notà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ She then explains to Juliet that she shall send someone to Mantua to kill Romeo. This shows she believes that the punishment was not sufficient and has decided Romeos fate for him. At the beginning of the play Juliet is more obedient and agrees to meet Paris at a feast. Ill look to like, if looking liking move. But no more deep will I endart mine eye Than your consent gives strength to make it fly. However, now she doesnt want to even look at Paris because she is already married and is still upset about Romeo leaving. In the Elizabethan times their views on wedding vows was sacred and you would be sent to hell if you were to not follow them. She therefore realises she must not accept the offer of marriage, or else she will go to hell. Capulet wishes to marry off Juliet as quick as he can because, as he did at the beginning of the play, he is trying to marry her into a rich family, such as Paris, to get money, which the nurse refers to earlier in the play. So shall you share all that he doth possess, By having him, making yourself no less. When Juliet refuses to marry Paris Capulet looses his temper. He shouts and really becomes aggressive. He says he will disown her and throw Juliet out into the streets. .u4ac8c5416b6221c088a52db4002beadd , .u4ac8c5416b6221c088a52db4002beadd .postImageUrl , .u4ac8c5416b6221c088a52db4002beadd .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4ac8c5416b6221c088a52db4002beadd , .u4ac8c5416b6221c088a52db4002beadd:hover , .u4ac8c5416b6221c088a52db4002beadd:visited , .u4ac8c5416b6221c088a52db4002beadd:active { border:0!important; } .u4ac8c5416b6221c088a52db4002beadd .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4ac8c5416b6221c088a52db4002beadd { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4ac8c5416b6221c088a52db4002beadd:active , .u4ac8c5416b6221c088a52db4002beadd:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4ac8c5416b6221c088a52db4002beadd .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4ac8c5416b6221c088a52db4002beadd .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4ac8c5416b6221c088a52db4002beadd .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4ac8c5416b6221c088a52db4002beadd .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4ac8c5416b6221c088a52db4002beadd:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4ac8c5416b6221c088a52db4002beadd .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4ac8c5416b6221c088a52db4002beadd .u4ac8c5416b6221c088a52db4002beadd-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4ac8c5416b6221c088a52db4002beadd:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Othello is one of Shakespeare"s darkest tragedies EssayHe believes that Juliets not grateful for the care she has got all her life from her Family. After Capulet leaves still in a fury Juliet looks at Lady Capulet as if she should be comforting and was hoping for some comforting, though Lady Capulet says she is done with her and leaves showing she has taken her husbands side on the matter. This shows that the parents authority isnt negotiable in any way. The nurse gives Juliet the advice to follow her Fathers orders and persuades her to forget Romeo. She calls him a dishcloth compared to Paris. Juliet asks the nurse to go